In vivo Pharmacology- Animal Models
Inflammatory diseases
Inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune, allergic, chronic, and acute forms, are immune system-protective disorders causing symptoms like redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Treatment includes medications, lifestyle changes, and stress management.
Metabolic diseases
Metabolic diseases, often caused by enzyme deficiencies or genetic mutations, affect the body’s energy conversion from food into energy. Common types include Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes, Hyperthyroidism, Phenylketonuria, Gaucher Disease, Maple Syrup Urine Disease, and Galactosemia.
Oncology
Oncology is a medical field focusing on cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, treating common cancers like breast, lung, prostate, leukemia, lymphomas, and cervical cancer, with advancements in targeted therapies and artificial intelligence.
Infection
In vivo pharmacology examines drug behaviour in living organisms during infectious diseases, evaluating efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. It’s crucial for clinical trials, considering immune system interactions, metabolism, and tissue distribution. Challenges include species-specific metabolism, ethical guidelines, biosafety, and control groups.
Neurological diseases
Animal models are crucial in studying neurological diseases in in vivo pharmacology, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, MS, ALS, stroke, and Huntington’s disease. They help test drug efficacy, study mechanism of action, and assess behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological outcomes.
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases involve immune system attacks on body tissues, requiring in vivo animal models for understanding pathogenesis and evaluating therapeutic candidates. Key diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease, with ethical considerations.
Wound healing
In vivo pharmacology studies wound healing using animal models, including excision, burn, and diabetic wounds. Assessment methods include macroscopic, histological, biochemical, mechanical, and immunohistochemically evaluations. Ethical considerations include anesthetics, justification, and following guidelines.
